2/28/2023 0 Comments Dispersio of lightFor the gas in the molecular state absorption spectrum is striped. If the solution is light-absorbing material in a solvent which does not absorb the color, the absorption coefficient of the solution is directly proportional to the length of the absorbing material, ieįor sparse gas absorption spectrum is ruled. The absorption coefficient α is the value of the inverse value of the way in this matter, which is going through, the light decreases in intensity by a factor e. The minus sign indicates that the d I and и have opposite signs, that is with increasing thickness of the absorbing layer of the transmitted light intensity decreases. Particularly strong absorption was observed for the wavelengths, frequencies coincide with the natural frequencies for the substance. It was established experimentally that the light passes through a substance is absorbed. If we consider the damping ( β ≠ 0), then we get a formula which gives a good agreement with the experimental curve) In that case, if the atom has several valence electrons: Ε(ω) ω, then there is n, if ω 0 = ω, then n has a discontinuity of the 2nd kind. The electric field of the light wave changes harmonically Water molecules are constantly oriented in alternating electric field. Such a contradiction between Maxwell's theory and experiment is due to the fact that we correctly apply the formula ε 0 = 81, which is valid only in a static field ( ω = 0). From Maxwell's theory thatįor water, ε = 81, therefore, in reality n w = 1.33. Macroscopic Maxwell's theory can not explain the dispersion of light. § 2 The electron theory of dispersion of light.Īnomalous and normal dispersion of light. Instead of a prism or diffraction P2 put prismatic spectrograph ( - diffraction spectrum depends linearly on λ). Rozhdestvensky suggested that instead of a prism P1 put Jamin interferometer, one arm of which is placed a sealed tube with gas, in another - the plate, whose variance is known. The method of crossed prisms can not be used in the event that we are interested in n gas emission, whose refractive index is close to 1. In the presence of the prism P2 is the curvature of the dispersion pattern at normal dispersion in P2, and the gap curved dispersion pattern - with anomalous dispersion. If the prism P2 would not have been on the screen E would be observed range of normal dispersion glass (Fig. Prism P1 - glass, P2 - from material dispersion which investigated. To study the normal and anomalous dispersion method can be used crossed prisms. Optical scheme spektrosensitometra ISP-73: 1 - source of light (incandescent tungsten ribbon lamp), 2 - two-lens condenser 3 - disc shutter speeds of 0.05, 0.2 and 1.0 seconds, 4 - revolving disk with a set of perforated diaphragm 5 - entrance slit of a spectrograph, 6 - collimator lens 7 - prism, 8 - the camera spectrograph. Normal dispersion of light seen in the distance from their own absorption lines, anomalous - within the lines or absorption lines. Dispersion of light is called normal if the refractive index decreases monotonically with increasing wavelength (with increasing frequency). Both are used for the rapid qualitative spectral analysis of substances in chemistry, metallurgy (eg steeloscope) and m. Difference spectrometer of a spectrograph is that the spectrometer is a visual surveillance of the spectrum with through the eyes, and the spectrograph used a method of recording the spectrum - plate, recorder, photomultiplier or photocell, digital camera, etc. Σκοπ?ω - see) - an optical instrument for visual observation of the radiation spectrum. Prism is often used in spectroscopy (spectroscopy (spectrometer, spectrograph) (from the range in the ancient Greek. Violet waves are refracted more red, as wavelength red waves more than the purple, and the frequency, respectively, lower the refractive index of red waves will be smaller than the purple. The phenomenon of dispersion is that the refractive index depends on the wavelength. § 1 Method the observation of dispersion.
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